精东影业

Outlook 鈥  11/9/2022

Improving the Odds for Smallholder Farmers

Something went wrong. Please try again later...

Smallholder farmers produce approximately a third of the world鈥檚 food, using just a fraction of the land and often minimal resources. What are the keys to supporting them?

From hybrid seeds and specialized software to mobile apps and satellite imagery, modern farmers have a range of cutting-edge tools and agricultural technologies at their disposal. But not all farmers have access to these game-changing innovations鈥攁nd, even if they did, many wouldn鈥檛 be able to afford them.

Often smallholder farmers lack access to the infrastructure and information they need to optimize their yields and incomes. Despite these impediments, they produce 35 percent of the world鈥檚 food and 29 percent of the world鈥檚 crops, using but 12 percent of the world鈥檚 agricultural land. And no matter where they are, smallholder farmers have the potential to contribute so much more to the global food system.听 All they need is access to technology and the know-how to make the most of it.

鈥淎ccess to markets and financing are two of the biggest challenges that smallholder farmers need to overcome today,鈥 says Jim Flock, program director for Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance, who has spent many years leading USAID-funded programs in countries such as Tanzania and Kenya. 鈥淓ven when introduced to new seed or agriculture mechanization technologies, a lack of capital can constrain their efforts to optimize their on-farm production.鈥

Farmers working in field soil
Farmers working in field soil

Often smallholder farmers lack access to the infrastructure and information they need to optimize their yields and incomes. Despite these impediments, they produce 35 percent of the world鈥檚 food and 29 percent of the world鈥檚 crops, using but 12 percent of the world鈥檚 agricultural land. And no matter where they are, smallholder farmers have the potential to contribute so much more to the global food system.听 All they need is access to technology and the know-how to make the most of it.

鈥淎ccess to markets and financing are two of the biggest challenges that smallholder farmers need to overcome today,鈥 says Jim Flock, program director for Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance, who has spent many years leading USAID-funded programs in countries such as Tanzania and Kenya. 鈥淓ven when introduced to new seed or agriculture mechanization technologies, a lack of capital can constrain their efforts to optimize their on-farm production.鈥

 

Access to markets and financing are two of the biggest challenges that smallholder farmers need to overcome today.鈥

鈥 Jim Flock

Program Director, Agricultural Cooperative Development International

A personal perspective
In Cape Town, South Africa, Ncumisa Mkabile鈥攁lso known as the Spinach Queen鈥攗nderstands these challenges only too well, not just because she farms two single-hectare plots near the informal settlement of Khayelitsha, but also because she is the regional chairperson of the African Farmers鈥 Association of South Africa.

鈥淢y journey in farming started in March 2020, when I had to close down my catering business due to the pandemic,鈥 Mkabile says. 鈥淭he catering business was my only source of income, and I am the sole breadwinner. So I needed to think of another way for me to support my mother, my six-year-old son, and my brother.鈥

Mkabile鈥檚 solution? Crop production. But with no agricultural background to draw from, she relied on Google for advice and insight on the best crops to plant and the best times to plant them. Today, she is successfully farming spinach in winter, green peppers in summer, and poultry year-round for her local community.

鈥淚 supply supermarkets in the township, as well as restaurants and street vendors in my area,鈥 she says. 鈥淢y dream is to become a commercial farmer, where I can produce and supply my vegetables to businesses and companies all over South Africa while creating job opportunities for the people. I would also love to have my own farming academy in the township, where I can train children on the importance of food security.鈥

Funding is the primary obstacle for smallholders like Mkabile. Because she operates within an informal settlement, she is unable to get a lease agreement and is, therefore, unable to apply for funding. 鈥淓verything I do at the moment is covered by the profits of my business,鈥 she says. 鈥淚t鈥檚 very difficult for me to expand because I have to use my profits to maintain the farm and support my family. I don鈥檛 even have an irrigation system鈥擨 currently use watering cans.鈥

While pests and extreme weather conditions do not pose a major threat for Mkabile, these factors can further complicate smallholders鈥 lives in other parts of the world. Rainfall inconsistency, in particular, is a significant challenge, says Flock.

鈥淎s they enter into each planting season, the biggest question facing smallholder farmers is when and for how long the rains will occur,鈥 he says. 鈥淔ortunately, agricultural inputs that are drought resistant and those that promote more 鈥榞reen tech鈥欌攕uch as pesticides鈥攁re continuing to enter the market and are beginning to reach smallholder farmers.鈥澨

How the world is winning听听

Protecting and nourishing this crucial part of the agricultural supply chain is vital to long-term food security, not to mention the livelihoods of more than 500 million smallholder farmers. Numerous projects are facilitating on-the-ground training and education of farmers. In addition, multistakeholder organizations are providing access to better-quality seeds, improved machinery, fertilizers and pesticides, and funding and markets.

sunrise over farm - aerial view
sunrise over farm - aerial view

鈥淢y journey in farming started in March 2020, when I had to close down my catering business due to the pandemic,鈥 Mkabile says. 鈥淭he catering business was my only source of income, and I am the sole breadwinner. So I needed to think of another way for me to support my mother, my six-year-old son, and my brother.鈥

Mkabile鈥檚 solution? Crop production. But with no agricultural background to draw from, she relied on Google for advice and insight on the best crops to plant and the best times to plant them. Today, she is successfully farming spinach in winter, green peppers in summer, and poultry year-round for her local community.

鈥淚 supply supermarkets in the township, as well as restaurants and street vendors in my area,鈥 she says. 鈥淢y dream is to become a commercial farmer, where I can produce and supply my vegetables to businesses and companies all over South Africa while creating job opportunities for the people. I would also love to have my own farming academy in the township, where I can train children on the importance of food security.鈥

Funding is the primary obstacle for smallholders like Mkabile. Because she operates within an informal settlement, she is unable to get a lease agreement and is, therefore, unable to apply for funding. 鈥淓verything I do at the moment is covered by the profits of my business,鈥 she says. 鈥淚t鈥檚 very difficult for me to expand because I have to use my profits to maintain the farm and support my family. I don鈥檛 even have an irrigation system鈥擨 currently use watering cans.鈥

While pests and extreme weather conditions do not pose a major threat for Mkabile, these factors can further complicate smallholders鈥 lives in other parts of the world. Rainfall inconsistency, in particular, is a significant challenge, says Flock.

鈥淎s they enter into each planting season, the biggest question facing smallholder farmers is when and for how long the rains will occur,鈥 he says. 鈥淔ortunately, agricultural inputs that are drought resistant and those that promote more 鈥榞reen tech鈥欌攕uch as pesticides鈥攁re continuing to enter the market and are beginning to reach smallholder farmers.鈥澨

How the world is winning听听

Protecting and nourishing this crucial part of the agricultural supply chain is vital to long-term food security, not to mention the livelihoods of more than 500 million smallholder farmers. Numerous projects are facilitating on-the-ground training and education of farmers. In addition, multistakeholder organizations are providing access to better-quality seeds, improved machinery, fertilizers and pesticides, and funding and markets.

The good news? Billions of dollars are already being invested in projects such as these. 鈥淭here are host and foreign governments investing in emerging agricultural markets, NGOs supporting improved production practices, research institutions sharing knowledge about optimal farm practices and challenges, along with the private sector entities that invest resources into ensuring their products can support optimizing production levels for all farmers,鈥 says Flock.听

Host and foreign governments also invest in the infrastructure required to ensure that supply chains and transport routes for commodities are not delayed. Ultimately, this will support market access鈥攅specially in emerging markets that are facing prolonged drought, conflict, or other challenges鈥攁llowing food aid and market supplies to be provided when and where necessary.

Woman standing next to a seed bag, among pallets of seed bags
Woman standing next to a seed bag, among pallets of seed bags

The good news? Billions of dollars are already being invested in projects such as these. 鈥淭here are host and foreign governments investing in emerging agricultural markets, NGOs supporting improved production practices, research institutions sharing knowledge about optimal farm practices and challenges, along with the private sector entities that invest resources into ensuring their products can support optimizing production levels for all farmers,鈥 says Flock.听

Host and foreign governments also invest in the infrastructure required to ensure that supply chains and transport routes for commodities are not delayed. Ultimately, this will support market access鈥攅specially in emerging markets that are facing prolonged drought, conflict, or other challenges鈥攁llowing food aid and market supplies to be provided when and where necessary.

And according to Flock, it鈥檚 working. 鈥淭hrough the USAID Nafaka program, we documented an overall increase in yield products for rice and maize over a ten-year period, by introducing farmers to new agricultural inputs and mechanization technology,鈥 he says.听鈥淭he farmers had opportunities to choose improved varieties and were provided access to mechanization equipment that was subsidized.听They are still using these varieties even after the close of the program.鈥澨

Through increased access to mobile technology, the Nafaka program also witnessed farmers using WhatsApp, social media platforms, and YouTube to continue learning and sharing the challenges they faced on the farm.听It is through programs and interventions such as these that the world can benefit smallholders鈥 lives as much as smallholders benefit the world.

鈥淎s it stands, roughly 60 percent of a smallholder farmer鈥檚 annual income is used to feed their household, versus 10 percent in developed markets,鈥 says Flock.听鈥淚 believe that, with access to appropriate inputs and technology, smallholder farmers would be able to reach roughly 70 to 80 percent of optimal production鈥攁ssuming adequate rainfall.鈥

For Mkabile the Spinach Queen and her fellow smallholder farmers, this has the power to transform not only their lives, but also their communities鈥 future, their countries鈥 success, and the chances for survival of every human being on Earth.

woman farmer with USAID staff seated outdoors reviewing paperwork
woman farmer with USAID staff seated outdoors reviewing paperwork

And according to Flock, it鈥檚 working. 鈥淭hrough the USAID Nafaka program, we documented an overall increase in yield products for rice and maize over a ten-year period, by introducing farmers to new agricultural inputs and mechanization technology,鈥 he says.听鈥淭he farmers had opportunities to choose improved varieties and were provided access to mechanization equipment that was subsidized.听They are still using these varieties even after the close of the program.鈥澨

Through increased access to mobile technology, the Nafaka program also witnessed farmers using WhatsApp, social media platforms, and YouTube to continue learning and sharing the challenges they faced on the farm.听It is through programs and interventions such as these that the world can benefit smallholders鈥 lives as much as smallholders benefit the world.

鈥淎s it stands, roughly 60 percent of a smallholder farmer鈥檚 annual income is used to feed their household, versus 10 percent in developed markets,鈥 says Flock.听鈥淚 believe that, with access to appropriate inputs and technology, smallholder farmers would be able to reach roughly 70 to 80 percent of optimal production鈥攁ssuming adequate rainfall.鈥

For Mkabile the Spinach Queen and her fellow smallholder farmers, this has the power to transform not only their lives, but also their communities鈥 future, their countries鈥 success, and the chances for survival of every human being on Earth.


Sources